Role of ICT in building Sustainable Development

Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) have a great potential to support sustainable development. Not only do they constitute an industry in their own right, but they act as a technological base for other sectors of the economy. ICTs are a key contributor to productivity growth especially in the service industry (particularly in retailing and financial services).

The link between the ICT and sustainable development is being addressed by extensive debates and research which recognize the existence of both significant opportunities and threats. ICT can either be viewed as a tool contributing to ‘a shift towards a sustainable development” or as “catalyst that can speed up current negative trends’ [2]. On the one hand, there is optimism that ‘new economy’ will bring a reduction in movement of goods. While on the other hand, there is fear that current unsustainable trends, such as digital divide, accelerated consumption and toxic waste, will be worsened.

The business community has the opportunity to contribute to sustainability, by making its supply-chains more energy and resource efficient through positively leveraging the best use of ICT. Civil society and people will be vital players in changing work practices in more sustainable ways through the necessary enabling technologies and regulatory frameworks. Governments can grasp the opportunity to modernize public service delivery while improving their processes and resource management.

If applied within this broad framework, the ICT may reduce environmental impact (mainly by improving transport and energy efficiency) while contributing to social inclusion. ICT facilitates the participation of citizens at all levels of social and economic activities. By providing the necessary tools for the elderly and unemployed to be included actively in the economy, ICT can foster social and territorial inclusion, help eradicate poverty, empower women, and help building sustainable communities, provided the current “digital” divides are addressed [1].

Existing business initiatives in the field of ICT and sustainability already result in major economic gains for companies implementing energy efficiency strategies. The market incentive in improving efficiency while minimizing waste of resources and is the major stimulus for businesses to initiate actions. With increasing energy prices, the reduction of energy and transport intensity is becoming necessary to maintain and improve profitability in the near future.

Appropriate use of ICT can therefore contribute in addressing the challenge of climate change. These technologies have the potential to contribute to higher energy efficiency by making offices, homes and transportation systems more ‘intelligent’. Moreover, ICT-based services and working methods, such as tele/videoconferences, can result in lowering carbon emissions from business activities.

References:

1. Eurostat (2005) The digital divide in Europe.
2. WWF (2002) Sustainability at the Speed of Light – Opportunities and Challenges for Tomorrow’s Society.